South Africa's president has signed into law a long-delayed carbon tax, the treasury said on Sunday, as one of the continent's worst polluters transitions to lower emissions in its efforts to meet agreements on global climate change.

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The first phase of the tax is from June 1 to December 2022, with a tax rate of 120 rand ($8.34) per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent.

Allowable tax breaks will reduce the effective rate to between 6 rand and 48 rand per tonne of CO2, National Treasury said in a statement.