NEW YORK (Reuters) - The U.S. Treasury 10-year term premium, a measure of the compensation investors demand to hold long-term government debt securities, moved back into positive territory this week as U.S. economic resilience defied expectations of aggressive interest rate cuts and election uncertainty weighed on long-term bonds.

Term premiums have largely been suppressed for about a decade amid low interest rates that followed the 2007-2009 global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, but they have crept back up over the past couple of years amid long-term fiscal concerns and expectations inflation will remain sticky.

On Monday the 10-year term premium, as measured by a gauge of the Federal Reserve bank of New York, turned positive for the first time since July 25, New York Fed data showed on Wednesday. It stood at 0.034% on Monday from minus 0.047% on Friday.

The move comes after a spike in Treasury yields following strong U.S. jobs data last week, which prompted investors to pare back bets on the magnitude of future interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve. Benchmark 10-year yields, which hit an over one-year low in September on expectations of easing monetary policy, have since surged to over 4% and on Wednesday stood at their highest since late July.

Matthew Miskin, co-chief investment strategist at John Hancock Investment Management, said rising term premiums could also indicate markets are betting on higher government deficits under a Donald Trump presidency, should he win the Nov. 5 presidential election against Vice President Kamala Harris.

A new Reuters/Ipsos poll this week showed Harris led Trump by a marginal three percentage points - 46% to 43% - a narrower lead than indicated in a Sept 20-23 Reuters/Ipsos poll.

"What we're seeing is that as odds rise for former President Trump, the longer end of the (Treasury yield) curve also rises," said Miskin. "It very well could be that the Treasury market is sniffing out greater deficit spending, which would then create greater supply and has higher yields for long-dated maturities."

U.S. bond giant PIMCO said earlier this year it expected term premiums to shoot up again amid sticky inflation and rising fiscal deficits. The bond asset manager said in a report on Wednesday widening U.S. deficits and inflationary trade policies after the Nov. 5 election could weigh on long-term Treasuries, despite the near-term prospect of lower rates.

Expectations for inflation over the next decade, measured by the difference between 10-year nominal Treasury yields and yields on 10-year inflation-protected Treasuries, hit 2.284% this week, the highest since July 22.