The dollar hit a fresh two-decade high against a basket of currencies on Tuesday, as traders braced for an aggressive rate hike from the US Federal Reserve this week to try to curb inflation.

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Investors have been unsettled this week by rising expectations that the Fed will raise interest rates by more than forecast, sending the S&P 500 tumbling to confirm a bear market and intensified fears over the economic outlook.

There is a nearly 90 percent expectation for a 75-basis-point increase at the conclusion of a two-day meeting of the US central bank's Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) on Wednesday, according to Refinitiv's Fedwatch Tool.

"It's going to be very difficult for the Fed to out-hawk markets at this point, given the level of expectations going into tomorrow," said Karl Schamotta, chief market strategist at business payments company Corpay.

Also read: Dollar At 20-Year High As Risky Assets Sell Off, Yen Recovers Ground

The US Dollar Currency Index, which tracks its performance against six other major currencies, was up 0.3 percent at 105.42, after climbing as high as 105.46, its strongest since December 2002. With inflation and growth-related concerns plaguing economies around the world, the greenback has benefited from safe-haven flows in recent weeks and months.

"The US dollar remains the best of a bad bunch in FX land," said Michael Brown, head of market intelligence at payments firm Caxton in London.

"Today's trade is a pretty classic pre-Fed calm, though I doubt it will last, with a hawkish Fed likely to provide the required catalyst for a further leg higher (for the dollar)," Brown said.

US producer prices increased solidly in May as the cost of gasoline surged, another sign of stubbornly high inflation that could force the Fed to raise rates aggressively.

Also read: Dollar Hits 20-Year High To 135 Yen As Us Yields March Higher

With risk appetite weak, the Aussie was 0.81 percent lower against the greenback, while the kiwi was down 0.80 percent. Against the yen, the dollar was about flat at 134.97 yen.

The Japanese currency fall to its lowest level since 1998 against the dollar on Monday has prompted comments by Japan's top government spokesperson that Tokyo is concerned about its sharp fall and stands ready to "respond appropriately" if needed.

"Intervention remains exceedingly unlikely, given that it would be unilateral in nature. It would not necessarily stem the tide in terms of where the yen is going ultimately," Corpay's Schamotta said.

Sterling fell 1.29 percent to $1.19, its first dip below the $1.20 level since March 2020, after Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said she was set to share details on plans for a new independence referendum. British Prime Minister Boris Johnson and his Conservative Party, which is the opposition party in Scotland, is strongly against a referendum.

Bitcoin slipped to a new 18-month low, as major crypto lender Celsius Network's freezing of withdrawals and the prospect of sharp US rate rises shook the volatile asset class. Bitcoin was last down 3.6 percent at $22,365.86.