OPEC and its oil producing allies on Sunday finalised a historic agreement to cut production by 9.7 million barrels per day, following multiple days of discussions and back-and-forth between the world's largest energy producers. The cut is the single largest output cut in history.

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Sunday's emergency meeting — the second in four days — came as oil-producing nations scrambled to reach an agreement in an effort to prop up falling prices as the coronavirus outbreak continues to hammer demand. The agreement also ends a price war that broke out between Saudi Arabia and Russia at the beginning of March, which further pressured oil prices as each sought to gain market share.

The group, known as OPEC+, initially proposed cutting production by 10 million barrels per day — amounting to some 10% of global oil supply — on Thursday, but Mexico opposed the amount it was being asked to cut, holding up the final deal.

Talks continued on Friday when energy ministers from the Group of 20 major economies met, and while all agreed that stabilization in the market is needed, the group stopped short of discussing specific production numbers.

Under OPEC+'s new agreement, Mexico will cut 100,000 barrels per day, instead of the 400,000 barrels per day it had initially been asked to cut.

The 9.7 million barrels per day cut will begin on May 1, and will extend through the end of June. The cuts will then taper to 7.7 million barrels per day from July through the end of 2020, and 5.8 million barrels per day from Jan. 2021 through April 2022.

"This is at least a temporary relief for the energy industry and for the global economy," Rystad Energy's head of analysis Per Magnus Nysveen told CNBC in an email. "Even though the production cuts are smaller than what the market needed and only postpone the stock building constraints problem, the worst is for now avoided."

President Donald Trump, who has been heavily involved in brokering a deal between Saudi Arabia and Russia since a price war broke out between the two powerhouse producers, said in a tweet that it's a "great deal for all" that "will save hundreds of thousands of energy jobs in the United States."

The big Oil Deal with OPEC Plus is done. This will save hundreds of thousands of energy jobs in the United States. I would like to thank and congratulate President Putin of Russia and King Salman of Saudi Arabia. I just spoke to them from the Oval Office. Great deal for all!

— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) April 12, 2020

On Friday, when the deal was in jeopardy, Trump said the US would cut production in an effort to get Mexico "over the barrel."

At a White House press briefing, Trump said he spoke to Mexico's President Andrés Manuel López Obrador and had agreed to "pick up some of the slack" by cutting production on behalf of Mexico. He did not elaborate on how the cuts would be enacted, and said Mexico would reimburse the US at a later date.

OPEC+ is hoping that nations outside of the group, including the US, Canada and Norway, will also cut back on production in an effort to shore up prices. While Trump had previously stopped short of saying the US would scale back production, he has noted that market forces would naturally curb output.

US Energy Secretary Dan Brouillette reiterated this point on Friday, saying that about two million barrels per day of US production would have been taken offline by the end of the year, with the number potentially as high as three million.

"Today's crisis transcends the interests of any one nation and requires a swift and decisive response from us all. Failure to act has far reaching consequences to each of our economies," he said Friday in prepared remarks at the G20 meeting. "This is a time for all nations to seriously examine what each can do to correct the supply/demand imbalance," he added.

10th (Extraordinary) OPEC and non-OPEC Ministerial Meeting starts under the chairmanship of HRH Prince Abdul Aziz Bin Salman, Saudi Arabia’s Minister of Energy, co-Chair HE Alexander Novak, Russia’s Minister of Energy.. pic.twitter.com/u2VuGifnKB

— OPEC (@OPECSecretariat) April 12, 2020

"Unprecedented measures for unprecedented times," Ed Morse, Citi's global head of commodities, wrote in a note to clients Sunday. "Unprecedented in historical discussions of production cuts, the US played a critical role in brokering between Saudi Arabia and Russia to induce them to negotiate the new OPEC+ accord," he added.

Despite the record size of the cut, some fear that it's still not large enough to combat the drop-off in demand. On Thursday West Texas Intermediate crude dropped more than 9%. The market was closed on Friday.

Both Brent and WTI futures are in bear market territory, down 53% and 63% respectively since climbing to a January peak.

Chris Midgely, S&P Global Platts' global head of analytics, said that the cut isn't enough "to plug the 15- to 20-million b/d near-term imbalance in the marketplace and avoid tank tops in May." The cut "won't be enough to bring sustainable, restorative support to oil prices, not unless OPEC goes further," he added.

That said, Ann-Louise Hittle, vice president of macro oils at Wood Mackenzie, noted that the deal "will make a difference to the market," even if "poorly implemented."

"We expect the second half of 2020 to show an implied stock draw, in contrast to the record-breaking oversupply of the first half of 2020," she said.

Source: CNBC

First Published:Apr 13, 2020 6:24 AM IST