March 16 (Reuters) - Cruise operators face choppy waters

as rising oil prices lift fuel costs, with analysts warning

Carnival Corp ( CCL ) could take the biggest hit to its 2026

profit as it is the only major U.S. cruise line that does not

hedge fuel.

Oil prices have risen more than 35% since the beginning of

the conflict in Iran, as attacks on oil and transport facilities

across the Middle East and disruptions to energy flows through

the Strait of Hormuz raised concerns about global supply.

Brent futures crossed $100 per barrel on Friday, compared

with $72.48 before the conflict began. Iran has warned that oil

prices could surge as high as $200 a barrel.

Cruise lines, which rely on heavy fuel oil and marine gas

oil among other fuel types, turn to hedging to lock in prices

via financial contracts and protect against sudden swings.

However, Carnival Corp ( CCL ) in the U.S. is an exception.

A 10% change in fuel cost per metric ton would reduce

Carnival's 2026 net income by $145 million, compared with $57

million for rival Royal Caribbean, according to the

latest company filings.

Norwegian Cruise Line ( NCLH ) said it has not updated its

fuel hedges from its earnings from early March and the 10%

change would cut full-year profit per share by 7 cents. This is

equivalent to a roughly $90 million fall in net income,

according to calculations by Morningstar Research.

"During 2022's oil spike, Carnival's fuel costs rose more

rapidly than its peers," CFRA analyst Alex Fasciano said.

In 2022, when oil prices rose after the Ukraine conflict

broke out, Carnival's fuel costs were 17.7% of its total

revenue, compared with 12.1% for Royal Caribbean and 14.2% for

Norwegian.

"Carnival also owns a larger fleet, meaning the level of

consumption is also higher than their counterparts," Fasciano

said.

"Our best hedge against fuel costs is to use less, so we

focus on using less fuel in the first place," Carnival said in

an e-mailed statement to Reuters.

"We've cut our fuel use by 18% since 2011 despite increasing

capacity by roughly 38% during that time," the company said,

adding that it does not see a long-term net benefit in hedging.

Carnival is expected to report first-quarter results on

Friday.

Royal Caribbean did not respond to a Reuters query.

POTENTIAL DEMAND DRAG

The cost challenge comes during the "wave season" between

January and March, the industry's busiest booking period, when

operators offer special cruise deals and discounts for the year.

Major cruise operators run global itineraries, with the

Caribbean and transatlantic routes accounting for a large

portion of capacity and passenger demand. None had ships in the

Middle East when the conflict began, limiting their immediate

operational exposure to the region.

"Despite zero direct exposure to the Middle East, shocks

like this one have the potential to step up consumer hesitation

in the booking process, especially for Americans thinking of

traveling abroad," Barclays analyst Brandt Montour said.

It could impact American customers' bookings to Europe,

particularly for transatlantic travel, which tend to be higher

priced, according to Lizzie Dove, analyst at Goldman Sachs.

These cruises tend to run during the third quarter and have

a disproportionately large contribution to cruise operators'

incomes, she added.