April 9 (Reuters) - The U.S. Space Force and a
Boeing-Lockheed joint venture sent a secret reconnaissance
payload to orbit on Tuesday atop a Delta IV Heavy rocket, the
last flight of a workhorse launch vehicle brand that has logged
nearly 400 missions dating back to 1960.
The United Launch Alliance-owned rocket, standing roughly 23
stories tall, blasted off from Cape Canaveral Space Force
Station in Florida around 1 p.m. EDT (1700 GMT), 12 days after a
previous launch attempt was scrubbed at the last minute due to a
technical glitch.
A live ULA webcast showed the rocket ascending from the
launch tower through partly cloudy skies in a thunder of flames
and billowing clouds of exhaust and water vapor.
The flight was intended to deploy a satellite for the
National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), a U.S. defense
intelligence agency, on a classified mission designated as
NROL-70. The Space Force field command confirmed hours later
that the launch had successfully delivered the payload to orbit.
It marked the 16th and final flight of a Delta IV Heavy and
the last of any of the Delta family of rockets, a space launch
dynasty that originated from a modified intermediate-range
ballistic missile and grew to include about two dozen
increasingly powerful variants.
Since the Thor-Delta rocket was introduced in 1960 at the
dawn of the Space Age, the Delta brand has logged 389 launches,
with payloads ranging from the world's first weather and GPS
satellites to NASA science missions including eight spacecraft
to Mars.
The world's first passive communications satellite, Echo 1A,
and first active communications satellite, Telstar 1, which
enabled transatlantic television transmission, were launched by
Thor-Deltas in 1960 and 1962, respectively.
Among other space science missions, Delta II rockets
launched the twin Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity in 2003,
and a Delta IV sent the Parker Solar Probe to space in 2018.
"The Delta rocket played a pivotal role in the evolution of
space flight since the 1960s," said Tony Bruno, ULA's president
and chief executive officer.
ULA, a partnership of aerospace giants Boeing ( BA ) and
Lockheed Martin ( LMT ), is retiring Delta and Atlas rockets in
favor of its newly developed Vulcan rocket, which made its
inaugural flight in January carrying a privately funded moon
lander.
The payload malfunctioned before reaching the moon, but the
Vulcan launch from Florida was a success. The Atlas V had 17
more missions booked before it was due to go out of service.
The Delta IV rocket, weighing 1.6 million pounds (725,748
kg) when fully fueled, consists of a triple-booster lower stage
that produces 2 million pounds of thrust at launch, and a
single-engine upper stage that carries the vehicle's payload to
orbit.
About four minutes in to Tuesday's flight, after reaching
speeds 15 times faster than sound travels, the two side boosters
of the rocket's lower stage separated and fell away, followed by
separation and ignition of the upper stage two minutes later.
Around 6-1/2 minutes after launch, the cargo panels
protecting the NROL-70 payload during its ascent were jettisoned
as the rocket's upper stage climbed above the edge of space.
Live video coverage of the flight was cut off at that point at
the government's request, ULA said.
The precise nature and purpose of the NROL-70 mission has
been kept secret.
In a vaguely worded statement before launch, the government
said the mission would "strengthen the NRO's ability to provide
a wide range of timely intelligence information to national
decision makers, warfighters and intelligence analysts."