Oct 29 (Reuters) - Intel ( INTC ) CEO Pat Gelsinger inherited a

troubled company that had lost its edge in manufacturing skills

and had ceded to rivals the hugely lucrative markets for chips

used in mobile phones and artificial intelligence.

1968 - Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore found Intel ( INTC ), helping

reshape California's Santa Clara Valley from fruit orchards into

the Silicon Valley tech hub.

1971 - Intel ( INTC ) introduces the 4004, the world's first

commercially made programmable microprocessor, with 2,300

transistors. These were among the first chips that could be

programmed to perform specific functions, unlike previous

processors that were hardwired only for a certain task - a

turning point in the history of the semiconductor industry that

laid the groundwork for the development of CPUs.

1981 - Intel's ( INTC ) 8088 microprocessor, with 29,000

transistors, becomes the brain in the IBM Personal Computer,

kicking off the era of personal computing.

1982 - Advanced Micro Devices ( AMD ), co-founded in 1969 by

a fellow Fairchild Semiconductor alum, becomes a second producer

of the Intel ( INTC ) 8086 microprocessor. This partnership would later

cause a long legal battle over AMD's rights to use Intel's ( INTC ) x86

chip architecture, which is the basis of a majority of PC and

server chips today.

1985 - Intel ( INTC ) decides to withdraw from the dynamic random

access memory (DRAM) market - its initial claim to fame - as

slumping demand prompts it to focus on microprocessors.

1985 - Intel ( INTC ) begins cutting its workforce, impacted by an

industry-wide downturn brought on by memory over-supply. Intel ( INTC )

would lay off thousands of workers for the remainder of the

80's.

1987 - Andy Grove, famous for his motto, "Only the paranoid

survive", becomes Intel's ( INTC ) third CEO and steers the company

through a massive slump in the chip market. Intel ( INTC ) solidifies its

position as a linchpin of the American semiconductor industry,

while players like AMD and National Semiconductor struggle.

1991 - Intel ( INTC ) launches its "Intel Inside" marketing campaign

for PCs with its chips, and the television commercials become a

cultural phenomenon.

1993 - Intel ( INTC ) introduces Pentium microprocessors, boasting

3.1 million transistors and running 300 times faster than the

8088.

1999 - Intel ( INTC ) and Windows maker Microsoft ( MSFT ), allies referred to

as Wintel, become the first two tech companies to be added to

the prestigious Dow Jones Industrial Average.

1999 - Nvidia introduces its first graphics processing units

(GPU), which during the 2000s would become an important fixture

in PCs and servers with the advent of gaming and multimedia

applications. Intel's ( INTC ) development strategy remained focused on

CPUs, Reuters reported, eventually costing it a head start in

the AI revolution of the 2020s.

2000 - Driven by the dot-com bubble, Intel's ( INTC ) stock market

value reaches a record $495 billion as it, Microsoft ( MSFT ), Cisco

Systems ( CSCO ) and Dell benefit from an explosion of computer sales. By

late 2024, Intel's ( INTC ) value would fall below $100 billion.

2007 - Apple ( AAPL ) launches the iPhone, helping kick off a mobile

phone boom that Intel ( INTC ) mostly missed. Under CEO Paul Otellini,

Intel ( INTC ) turned down a deal to make iPhone processors because it

did not stand to profit enough from the arrangement. Instead,

Apple ( AAPL ) used chips based on designs from Arm Holdings,

whose tech now dominates the mobile market.

2009 - Intel ( INTC ) agrees to pay AMD $1.25 billion to settle

decades worth of legal disputes, amid increased antitrust

scrutiny over Intel's ( INTC ) dominance in the chip market.

2013 - Otellini steps down as CEO amid pressure from

investors. Former chief operating officer Brian Krzanich becomes

CEO, with a focus on diversifying the business beyond PCs to the

data center market and automotive chips through acquisitions

like Altera and Mobileye.

2014-16 - Under CEO Krzanich, Intel ( INTC ) held back on using

next-generation equipment used in the extreme ultraviolet

lithography (EUV) technique, crucial for next-generation chips,

believing it would "never work" and focusing the company's

engineers elsewhere. The fateful decision sets back Intel's ( INTC )

design and manufacturing businesses for roughly five years.

2016 - Intel ( INTC ) cuts 12,000 jobs amid one of the PC

industry's worst declines in years.

2017 - Samsung overtakes the U.S. company as the world's

largest chipmaker by revenue as prices soared in Samsung's

stronghold of the memory market. At the same time, Intel ( INTC ) cedes

its manufacturing technology lead to Taiwan's TSMC,

now the world's largest contract chip manufacturer with

customers including Apple ( AAPL ).

2018 - Krzanich steps down amid mounting manufacturing

setbacks. Chief Financial Officer Bob Swan becomes interim CEO.

2018 - Intel ( INTC ) declines an offer to invest in OpenAI; CEO

Swan does not believe generative AI will reach market in near

future. OpenAI by 2024 has a larger market valuation than

Intel ( INTC ).

2020 - Intel's ( INTC ) annual revenue peaks at $77.87 billion,

bolstered by pandemic sales of PCs. Revenue then declines as

Intel ( INTC ) struggles with increased competition from AMD and Nvidia.

2020 - Nvidia's market value overtakes Intel's ( INTC ) as Nvidia

GPUs become the key chip for generative AI technology.

2021 - Pat Gelsinger becomes CEO, winning praise from

investors who want a turnaround after manufacturing setbacks and

deepening market share losses. Gelsinger focuses on transforming

Intel ( INTC ) into a producer of chips for other "fabless" firms,

including his "five nodes in four years" plan that would cost

billions and sap Intel's ( INTC ) cash flow and margins.

2021- Intel ( INTC ) announces plans to invest $20 billion to build

two manufacturing facilities in Arizona.

2022 - Intel's ( INTC ) market value sinks below AMD's as the

smaller chipmaker eats away at Intel's ( INTC ) share of the server CPU

and PC chip market and becomes the most formidable challenger to

Nvidia.

2024 - Intel ( INTC ) unveils a plan to invest $100 billion

across four U.S. states to build and expand factories, after

securing federal grants and loans aimed at bolstering U.S. chip

manufacturing.

2024 - Intel ( INTC ) cuts 17,500 jobs, suspends dividend and embarks

on a turnaround of its money-losing manufacturing business.