(Reuters) -The Federal Reserve left its policy rate in the 4.25%-4.50% range at its July 29-30 meeting to keep downward pressure on inflation, which remains above target. President Donald Trump, who has for months tried unsuccessfully to pressure the Fed into cutting rates, was disappointed.

Dissents by two Fed governors in favor of a rate cut at July's meeting, recent data suggesting further labor market cooling and a shift in commentary from several central bank officials in the dovish direction may already be setting the table for an interest-rate cut as soon as September.

Here is a look at Fed officials' comments since their last policy meeting, sorting them under the labels "dove" and "hawk" as shorthand for their monetary policy leanings. A dove is more focused on risks to the labor market and may want to cut rates more quickly, while a hawk is more focused on the threat of inflation and may be more cautious about rate cuts.

The designations are based on public comments and published remarks. For a breakdown of how Reuters' counts in each category have changed, please scroll to the bottom of this story, or click on the photos in this graphic.

Dove Dovish Centri Hawkish Haw

st k

Michell Lisa Jerome Jeffrey  

e Cook, Powell Schmid,

Bowman, Governo , Fed Kansas

Vice r, Chair, City

Chair permane perman Fed

of nt ent Preside

Supervi voter: voter: nt,

sion, "This "If 2025

permane is you voter:

nt concern move "While

voter: ing," too increas

"My she soon, ed

Summary said of you tariffs

of the wind seem to

Economi sharp up be

c downwar maybe having

Project d not a

ions revisio gettin limited

include ns to g effect

s three the inflat on

cuts Labor ion inflati

for Departm all on, I

this ent's the view

year, estimat way this as

which es of fixed a

has recent and rationa

been monthly you le for

consist job have keeping

ent gains. to policy

with my Aug 6, come on hold

forecas 2025 back. rather

t since That's than an

last ineffi opportu

Decembe cient. nity to

r, and If you ease

the move the

latest too stance

labor late, of

market you policy.

data might " Aug

reinfor do 12,

ce my unnece 2025

view." ssary

Aug 9, damage

2025 to the

labor

market

."

July

30,

2025

Christo Austan John Beth  

pher Goolsbe Willia Hammack

Waller, e, ms, ,

Governo Chicago New Clevela

r, Fed York nd Fed

permane Preside Fed Preside

nt nt, Presid nt,

voter: 2025 ent, 2026

"The voter: perman voter:

wait "You ent "I feel

and see could voter: confide

approac cut, "If nt with

h is one, in the the

overly anticip data decisio

cautiou ation are n that

s, and, if you progre we made

in my think ssing earlier

opinion you're in a this

, does on the way week...Wh

not path, consis en I

properl as long tent step

y as with back

balance you're the and

the laying best look at

risks out the achiev where

to the criteri ement we are,

outlook a of of our I see a

and what goals- labor

could you're and to market

lead to doing achiev that is

policy ... and e largely

falling if we that, in

behind start and balance

the getting balanc ." Aug

curve." informa e the 1, 2025

Aug 1, tion risks

2025. that best,

contrad it

icts makes

that sense

then we to

would reduce

stop the

cutting restri

or go ctiven

the ess of

other moneta

way: ry

that's policy

an , then

entirel that's

y what

possibl we

e should

path." do."

Aug 13, Aug 1,

2025 2025

  Mary Philip Lorie  

Daly, Jeffer Logan,

San son, Dallas

Francis Vice Fed

co Fed Chair, Preside

Preside perman nt,

nt, ent 2026

2027 voter: voter:

voter: No No

"I was public public

willing commen comment

to wait ts on s on

another moneta monetar

cycle, ry y

but I policy policy

can't since  since

wait May July

forever 14, 15,

." Aug 2025. 2025.

4, 2025  

    Michae Thomas  

l Barkin,

Barr, Richmon

Govern d Fed

or, Preside

perman nt,

ent 2027

voter: voter:

No "We may

public well

commen see

ts on pressur

moneta e on

ry inflati

policy on, and

since  we may

June also

26, see

2025. pressur

e on

unemplo

yment,

but the

balance

between

the two

is

still

unclear

... we

are

well

positio

ned to

adjust

our

policy

stance

as

needed.

" Aug

12 2025

    Albert Raphael  

o Bostic,

Musale Atlanta

m, St. Fed

Louis Preside

Fed nt,

Presid 2027

ent, voter:

2025 "The

voter: employm

"There ent

are number

risks did say

on that

both the

sides risk on

of our the

mandat employm

e, and ent

when side is

that much

happen higher

s, than it

when had

you been...

have I will

risks definit

on ely be

both looking

sides. careful

You ly."

have Aug 7,

to 2025

take a

balanc

ed

approa

ch."

Aug.

8,

2025

    Susan    

Collin

s,

Boston

Fed

Presid

ent,

2025

voter:

No

public

commen

ts on

moneta

ry

policy

since

July

15,

2025.

    Neel    

Kashka

ri,

Minnea

polis

Fed

Presid

ent,

2026

voter:

"The

econom

y is

slowin

g, and

that

means

in the

near

term

it may

become

approp

riate

to

start

adjust

ing."

Aug 6,

2025  

    Anna    

Paulso

n,

Philad

elphia

Fed

Presid

ent,

2026

voter:

No

public

remark

s on

moneta

ry

policy

since

starti

ng the

job

July

1,

2025.

Notes: The current policy rate target range is 4.25%-4.50%. The median of Fed policymaker projections in June was for half a percentage point of rate cuts this year, though seven of the 19 projected no cuts at all. The Fed next publishes projections at its September meeting.

The Fed's seven governors, including the Fed chief and vice chairs, are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate. Three - Waller, Bowman and Powell - are Trump nominees; three were nominated by former President Joe Biden; Trump has nominated Stephen Miran to the remaining open seat. Each Fed governor votes at every Federal Open Market Committee meeting, held eight times a year

All 12 regional Fed presidents discuss and debate monetary policy at the meetings, but only five cast votes, including the New York Fed president and four others who vote for one year at a time on a rotating schedule. Fed regional bank presidents are picked by the directors of their own regional banks, subject to approval by the Fed's Board of Governors.

Reuters over time has shifted policymaker designations based on fresh comments and developing circumstances. Below is a Reuters count of policymakers in each category, heading into Fed meetings. 

FOMC Dove Dovis Centr Hawki Haw

Date h ist sh k

Sept 2 3 8 5 0

'25

July 1 3 8 7  0

'25

Jan.- 0 3 9 7 0

June

'25

Dec. 0 2 10 7 0

'24

Nov. 0 0 13 5 0

'24

Sept 0 1 12 5 0

'24

May 0 1 10 6 1

throu

gh

July

'24

March 0 1 11 5 1

'24

Jan 0 2 9 4 1

'24

Dec 0 2 9 4 1

'23

Oct/N 0 2 7 5 2

ov

'23

Sept 0 4 3 6 3

'23

June 0 3 3 8 3

'23

March 0 2 3 10 2

'23

Dec 0 4 1 12 2

'22