What is PM Pollution? Particulate Matter (PM) consists of microscopic solids or liquid droplets suspended in the air, measuring so small that they can easily be inhaled. These tiny particles come in various sizes, with the most commonly discussed being PM10 and PM2.5.

PM10: These particles measure 10 microns or smaller and include fine dust particles, pollens, and other materials that can affect air quality.

PM2.5: Even smaller, with a diameter of just 2.5 microns, PM2.5 particles are primarily composed of combustion particles, organic compounds, and metals. They are known to be especially dangerous for human health.

To put these sizes into perspective, PM2.5 particles are roughly 20 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair and 36 times smaller than fine beach sand.

How Harmful is PM Pollution? The harm associated with PM pollution is closely linked to the size of the particles. Particles >10 microns: These larger particles, while not entirely harmless, pose fewer health risks as they are usually filtered out by the upper respiratory system.

Particles 2.5-10 microns: PM10 particles are more concerning as they can penetrate deeper into the lungs, potentially causing respiratory problems and exacerbating existing health conditions.

Particles 0.5-2.5 microns: PM2.5 particles are the most hazardous because of their tiny size and ability to reach deep into the lungs. Once inhaled, they can lead to severe health problems, including respiratory diseases, heart issues, and even premature death.

The health impact of PM2.5 is well-documented. Prolonged exposure to this particulate matter can lead to conditions like asthma, bronchitis, cardiovascular disease, and lung cancer. Vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, and those with preexisting health conditions, are particularly at risk.

The Global Challenge | PM pollution is a global problem, affecting urban and rural areas alike. Emissions from vehicles, industrial processes, and natural sources all contribute to the presence of PM in the atmosphere. The situation is further exacerbated in regions with high population density and limited air quality control measures.

Efforts to combat PM pollution are ongoing, with governments, organisations, and individuals working to reduce emissions, enhance air quality monitoring, and raise public awareness. It is a complex issue, but as the understanding of PM pollution's impact on human health continues to grow, the need for action becomes increasingly urgent.